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????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???
???? 1898 ?????????
?? ??? 1898? ?? ???? ?? ?? (1858 - 1927?) ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? 100 ???? ????? ?????? ????.
???? 1911
???? 1911 ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??. ?? ??? 1911? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????. ??? 1 ????? 1912? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? 12 ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? 2000 ??? ?? ?????.
???? 4 ????
??? "???? 4 ????" ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 1919 ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? - ????????? ????? ?????? ????.
????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????
?? ??? 1921? ??? ??? ??? ???? (1893 - 1976?) ?11 ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? 73 ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????.
??? ???????? ?? ???????
?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? 1937 ?1945? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??"??? ???????? ?? ???????" ?? ???????. ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 35 ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? 100 ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? 500 ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? 1937? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????.
????? ??????? ????? ???????
?? 1 ?????? 1949? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????: ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????.
????? ??????? ??????
????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? 1953 ?1957 ???? ?????? ?????: ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? 9?8? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? (2006 - 2010?).
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